My Papa

Reflective Essay by Liam Shortall Visiting Papa It was March 2011, and my Dad and I had just been to pick up my brand new trombone from the Rath factory in Huddersfield and were heading towards Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital to visit my grandfather. He had just had been through quadruple bypass heart surgery at the tender age of 79. My grandfather, or Papa, had been suffering from acute pain in the heart, and severe exhaustion :the daily stroll to the shop had now become an impossible task. After being examined by his local GP on a regular basis for a few months, he was admitted to Liverpool for this major operation.My grandfather was immensely apprehensive and at one point almost refused treatment. One week into his stay, my Dad went with my Uncle Richard to visit him. He was extremely confused; he didn't know his location and how long he had been there. My Nana had kept my Dad and Uncle informed in regard to his condition but in visiting him they soon realised that she had not revealed the full extent of his ill health. After this particular visit my Dad didn't really seem himself, he seemed anxious and constantly on edge, a complete opposite to his usual joking self. My papa must have been in a dreadful state.Previous to my visit to Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital (LHCH) we had been to pick up my new trombone, I was ecstatic. Finally I was getting the instrument that I had being dreaming of for, what felt like forever. And after so many sleepless nights too, the day was finally here! But my happiness was short-lived, I wasn't to know of the severity of Papa's condition and my heart soon sank when we entered the hospital. As soon as I walked though the hospital doors, I seemed to feel even colder than I did outside on this winter day: it was so clinical and unwelcoming.Suddenly I felt very uncomfortable in this new environment; never have I felt so selfish and guilty. After hiking through this never-ending maze of wards, through the different sounds an d noises coming from various wards, we entered the room my Papa was ‘recovering' in. I briefly looked around, noticing my Nana standing in the corner of the room with an exhausted and worried expression on her face, trying to force a smile. We walked over to the bed in which my Papa lay looking still and weak with his eyes closed. He ad all sorts of pipes and tubes entering his frail body, and a never ending metronome of multiple beeping sounds came from various machines that had been plumbed into him. This bruising sight still stays with me today. Gently laying her hand on his arm and shaking him softly, my Nana attempted to wake Papa up. He opened his eyes until they were open just enough to glance over at us. He then muttered something that I couldn’t understand. He seemed to vaguely recognise who his son was, but when he looked me it was as though he hadn't seen my before in his life, as though I was merely a stranger at his bedside.Nana explained to us that as a re sult of his surgery and strong medication he was becoming exceedingly confused and exhausted. My increasingly distressed Nana seemed at an all time low and she had lost all hope for Papa. My Dad had managed to have a half conversation with his Papa, he told me. He said that Papa would say a few words and then stop for breath. Nana then gingerly pulled back the bed sheets that lay on top of him and revealed his chest. There was a large, very noticeable scar surrounded by a sea of black bruises which covered his chest. I stared at my Papa for a while.The Papa I knew so well was so warm hearted, lively and full of humour, so different to the man lying in the bed in front of me . A lump had developed in my throat and my vision became blurry. I blinked and could feel the sting of a single tear run down my cheek. The feeling of not being recognised by someone you know so well and have so many fond memories with, was unfathomable. Knowing there was nothing I could do to help someone that w e loved and cared about so much made us all feel so incredibly helpless. As visiting hours came to a close we said our goodbyes to Papa, hoping for the best for his health, but dreading the worst.He of course was too delusional to reply, which felt so demoralising as he always would make a fuss of us leaving after a visit. Nana then walked us back to the car park. She, understandably wanted to get back to my Papa's bedside. So we awkwardly said goodbye to her and wished her and Papa the very best. Visiting my Papa in hospital affected me in more ways than I ever imagined it would have. Looking back on this experience I realise how important it was and how much of a turning point it was in my life. It made me realise how much we take our loved ones for granted, and how harsh the reality of life actually is, and how precious it is also.I realised how much of an influence my Papa had had on my upbringing. Many of the features of my personality are related to my Papa and his character, which made the worry of something sinister happening so much more awful. It also made me realise the ignorant and selfish attitude I had before this emotional day. And to think how lucky I, and the majority of us actually are. I believe most of us take our good health for granted. And we don't realise how good we have it compared to others who are in dreadful states, when their personalities are often unrecognisable.

Caulerpa lentillifera Essay

Statement of the Problem 1. Can Lato (Caulerpa lentillifera) be used as fertilizer to plants? 2. Compared to usual fertilizers, will sugar help yield lato fertilizers a better result to growing of plants? 3. Can Lato seaweed and sugar complement with each other in making a crop-yielding fertilizer? Null Hypothesis 1. Lato can be used as a fertilizer to plants. 2. Sugar can help yield lato fertilizers a better result to growing of plants. 3. Lato and sugar complement with each other in making a crop-yielding fertilizer. Significance of the Study Over the years, land and sea farming has been a part of Filipino life. It is cored to the notion that our archipelago is surrounded both by a large body of water and land area. Amid the adamant need for our fields to gain healthy crops, we, Filipinos are indeed in need to pave ways for strategies of growing our crops which will later result to profitable harvest. In this connection, this research aims to study the potentials of lato seaweed and sugar as fertilizers with cheap investment. This aim roots its significance to the need of Filipino farmers to use affordable, organic, and accessible fertilizers that will help them in yielding vigorous and abundant crops. Review of Related Literature â€Å"†¦those gardening for food can use copious amounts of seaweeds for mulch and fertilizer.(Traditional Irish fertilizer, see: Man of Aran, and The Field), add seaweeds abundantly to compost†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ryan Drum, 2012) â€Å"Seaweeds are 20-50% dry weight mineral†¦ the elements abundant in seaweeds include: potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, chloride, sulfur, phosphorous, vanadium, cobalt, manganese, selenium, bromine, iodine, arsenic, iron, and fluorine† (Kazutosi, 2002). â€Å"Fertilizers from seaweeds result to increase crop yield probably due to the presence of growth promoting hormones (Bentley-Mowat, 1963). â€Å"Other beneficial effects include increased resistance of crop to fungal and insect pests and increase water holding capacity of the soil† (Mathiseson, 1967). â€Å"Caulerpa lentillifera is high in minerals, vitamin A, C, and several essential unsaturated fatty acids. It is also reported to have antibacterial and antifungal properties† (https://seaweedindustry.com/seaweed/type/caulerpa-lentillifera). â€Å"Sugar added to fertilizer can influence the pH levels within the soil. Plants that are sensitive to a change in pH levels will be unable to absorb nutrients from the soil.† (www.bioiberica.com) â€Å"Sugar is a great way to get rid of weeds and keep your lawn’s eco-system balanced. Plain table sugar spread on your lawn is an organic gardening method to keep weeds at bay.† (http://www.ehow.com/about_6404819_sugar-lawn-fertilizer.html) Scope and Limitations This research focuses and aims only to study the potentials of lato seaweed and sugar as fertilizers especially when combined together. The researcher gathered data from surfing the internet so as first-hand observation and experiments.

Differences Between the French and Spanish

Englishmen migrated to the New World because they wanted independence, political freedom, and economic opportunity. The Spanish came as conquerors; the resulting political system was entirely autocratic and solely devoted to the furthering of the motherland. Spain gave its colonies little self-rule. Instead, Spanish rulers dictated all the policies of its New World territories. The English and Spanish both wanted to explore and find new territories too politically and economically control. The Spanish colonies developed economically by using the Encomienda system.In this system, Spanish lords exploited and manipulated Native Americans and used them to do manual labor on the land. The Spanish looted large amounts of gold, silver, and other valuables from this new land. This tradition continued into the seventeenth century as Spanish ships would come annually to bring gold and other valuables back to Spain. The Spanish tax burden was very unevenly distributed: it fell more on the poor than the rich, heavily on the agricultural sector, and on Castile far more than Aragon or the Basque country.But the Spanish government's expenditure continued to climb: – in the first twelve years of Philip III's reign, he spent over 40 million ducats on the Low Countries' wars alone. To cover the shortfall, the Spanish government both borrowed money by being interested in bearing state bonds and assigned the revenues from future years to the bankers if they would pay the defense contracts for the present year. By 1607 the government had a debt of almost 23 million ducats and had assigned away all its revenue for four years ahead. By 1644 the crown's income was pledged to 1648; and by 1664 the crown owed more than 21 million ducats.The English Colonies had abundant natural resources. Their economy prospered in the fur trade, fishing, lumbering, farming and other industries that produced raw materials. This abundance of natural resources stimulated trade into the colonies as developed industries in Europe required raw materials to convert into refined goods. Combined with England's tradition of partial representation, the English Colonies had a large degree of self-government. In 1603, moderate Puritans in England hoped the new monarch, James I, would be sympathetic to their iews, since he had been raised in Calvinist Scotland. Although this did not prove to be the case, the Puritans still tried to work within the religious system while he was king. The colonies all had some form of a representative assembly that was voted in by popular support. While only white male landowners could vote, this still constituted some degree of democracy. In some colonies, even the governors were decided by popular vote. The English and Spanish colonies were established for completely different reasons. England colonizes North America.English colonies were first established by the Puritans who were seeking refuge, freedom of religion, and economic opportunity. The Englis h colonists enjoyed far more freedom. English had established dominance in North America. The Spaniards came to America's on accident in a futile attempt to find an alternate trade route to china, with a thriving community, complex architecture and cities of gold. Conquistadors, soldiers, and missionaries were the primary Spanish colonizers; farmers and traders came later. Colonies were governed by crown-appointed viceroys or governors. Settlers had to obey the king's laws and could make none of their own.

Human Resource Management at the organization Term Paper

Human Resource Management at the organization - Term Paper Example There are environmental protection laws that govern the operations of every organization in the country. These regulations offer guidelines on how organization should take care for the environment in respect to aspects such as the air pollution, land and soil conservations or even care of water recourses. These laws tend to protect the well-being and the needs of the larger community, who also rely on these resources. There is also the overall duty to protect the interests of the future generations (Armstrong, 2008). Employees are quite sensitive and are protected by employees’ laws enacted by the legislative and other workers unions. These rules and regulations protect the workers from exploitation or mistreatment in the work place. The compliance officer continually reviews the relationship of the management and the employees to ensure that the workers are treated fairly. The employees have their set of responsibility towards the organization. Complying with the laws ensure there is decreased conflicts within the organization thus increasing employees motivation and consequently improved productivity. The organization will also be extra-vigilant on the chances of laws regulating the type of activities the company engages and its major products as well. Compliance officer would always be interested in the safety of the organization activities and the products do not harm the larger public. The focus is protection of the customers who require safe and quality goods for their consumption. The existence of the organization could be at stake in case these laws were violated within the organization. Monitoring the changes affecting such areas ensure that the company is kept clear of any illegal issue with government law or other regulators (Pate, 2012). HR Job Description The Human Resource department entails the management of day-to-day operations of employees’ procedures, programs, and policies. The major areas of responsibilities entail such functi onal areas as departmental development, training and development, compensation, employee relation, Human Resource Information System, organizational developments and employment (Robert & Mathias, 2011). The job entails a number of roles that needs to be performed for the HR department to remain effective in meeting its objectives and the overall organization goals as well. These include: Making plans of recruitment, human resource development, and trainings. Building of professional development programs that aim to benefit all employees in company. Formulating the promotion policies and replacement of personnel. Overseeing the making of personnel budget. Planning human resource for business, production, and corporate strategy. Establishing of bonus and wage by laws, stimulant policies, and incentive along with employees’ preferences to work. Organizing and implementing functions of administrative and its tasks according to Board of Directors requirements. Engage in building o f regulations and making plans related to the use of equipment and property of the company. Making of plans and supervision of compliance with various laws governing the organization. Sometimes the responsibilities assigned to employees may not match the job description provided during recruitment. If this situation is not controlled, it can lead to increased claims that can harm the company. In case they do occur, it is safe that the HR department be ready to deal with

Critically access the advantages and disadvantages of international Essay

Critically access the advantages and disadvantages of international co-production in 'world cinema'. Illustrate your answer with specific examples - Essay Example World cinema addresses themes that are generally not explored or known to traditional western and Hollywood film makers. In this way, world cinema offers interesting perspectives on the issues of diverse communities across the globe. World cinema needs to be distinguished from terms such as second and third cinema which describe films produced on alternative or post-colonial themes (Fraunhar, 2005). World cinema does not profess such ambitions and strives for creating diversity and a distinct identity in global cinema. The popularity of world cinema has increased with the success of international world film festivals such as those hosted at Cannes, Berlin, Venice and other destinations. This popularity has led to international co-productions in world cinema where production teams from two or more countries collaborate on producing a film addressing issues that connect the different cultures. McFadyen, Hoskins & Finn (1998) have identified several important advantages and disadvantages of such international co-production. This paper analyzes these advantages and disadvantages in the light of critical research using specific examples of world cinema. One of the significant advantages of international co-production in world cinema is gaining access to a common financial resource for the countries involved in the co-production. When analyzed from a critical perspective, this is an important advantage and may even be beneficial to promoting the development and growth of world cinema. Often times, cinema from non-English speaking countries may be deprived of a global or international audience because of limited financial resources at the disposal of the film producers. This is also disadvantageous to the global film industry because it is deprived of unique alternative narratives and storytelling techniques. Therefore, international co-production makes financial resources accessible to production companies operating in smaller local film

A letter to University Program Leader for an enquery Essay

A letter to University Program Leader for an enquery - Essay Example n thrown into uncertainty by the fact that the structure of my academic program will change from a 15 credits module to a 20 credits module in the September semester. This change is going to affect my study schedule since it is likely to raise the number of credits required for a complete semester and I may end up with fewer modules completed. In March, I made enquiries with the E-learning team on when and what modules would be available for enrolment in the April Semester and I was notified to take two modules in Biological Psychology and Social psychology even though I was aware that the semester had three level 4 modules on offer; Biological, Social and Developmental Psychology. Following the unsatisfactory response that I received from the E-learning team, I contacted the E-learning team for the second time, enquiring for the possibility of adding Developmental Psychology to my program for the Semester beginning April 2012. In response, the E-learning team informed me that the program leader would not allow me to take three modules, leaving me with the unfavorable option of taking the two modules that the program leader advised. However, at the beginning of my Second Semester in mid April, I realized that some students who started in January were taking three modules (Biological Psychology, Social Psychology and Developmental Psychology) for the January Semester. I sought the advice of the program leader and the E-learning team again but did not get any responses and so I had to proceed with the two modules. In the period April to June, I frequently contacted the program leader and the E-learning team to allow me takes the third module without much breakthrough. The E-learning team later informed me that the program leader would not allow me take the third module since the Semester was just four weeks away from the assessment date and so he advised me to wait for a few more weeks when I would obtain my new study pathway. I have since received my study plan

Whether or not the right balance between preference, obligation and Essay

Whether or not the right balance between preference, obligation and feasibility is being struck by judges - Essay Example Whether or not the right balance between preference, obligation and feasibility is being struck by judges Although previously, it was not recognised that judges make laws, the modern view is that they make laws. This view is supported by Lord Radcliffe (Doctrine of Precedent Online). The judge continually applies the law to new situations and cases and in the process creating new laws. However, there are instances when courts decline to change the law on the ground that it is better for the Parliament to remake the law. In the case of R v Clegg, it was suggested that fairness would be achieved by charging Clegg of manslaughter instead of murder because of his wrong reaction but without evil motive (National Decisions 1967). And that a new qualified defence be available to a soldier or police who used excessive force as a defence or in the prevention of a crime. The reduction of murder to manslaughter should better be left for the Parliament to change because that issue is part of a wider issue of maintaining a mandatory life sentence for murder. (Doctrine of Precedent Online). In the cas e of C v DPP (1995), it was put in issue whether to abolish the presumption that a child of 10 to 14 years of age is incapable to commit a crime. The House did not abolish it but called upon the Parliament to review it. Lord Lowry provided guidelines for judicial law-making, as follows: (a) not imposing a remedy where the solution to a problem is doubtful; b) be cautious of making changes if Parliament itself refused to deal with a known problem or has legislated but left the problem untouched.

Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis Essay

Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis - Essay Example The article makes use of concepts derived socio-technical theory as well as the role theory in an attempt to show the relationship between technostress and productivity. In the article, CFA and EFA approaches are applied in investigating the theoretical constructs and the factors represented in the study about the relationship between technostress and human productivity (Chilton, Hardgrave, & and Armstrong, 2005). The two approaches enhance the hypothesis that the factors used are correlated. Three hypotheses are thus developed. In hypothesis 1, stress comes out as people try to respond to various factors. Hypothesis 2 depicts stress as correlated to the roles of individuals within organizations. Hypothesis 3 also shows a correlation between technology and organization roles (Tarafdar, Nathan, & Ragu-Nathan, 2007). The two approaches are used in accessing the quality of every item used in the study. Both the CFA and the EFA are applied for both confirmatory and exploratory purposes. This aspect is seen in the three hypotheses, which address the three variables differently. While EFA and CFA are seen to have several similarities in their statistical applications, they greatly contrast in certain ways as well. The use of EFA required that a decision is made on the number of factors applied through an examination of the output from an analysis of principal component (Nygaard & Dahlstrom, 2002). For the article, a five-factor structure is first established to analyze the items. Conversely, the use of CFA requires a specification of the number of factors before the analysis. (Tarafdar, Nathan, & Ragu-Nathan, 2007) Again, the CFA involve the specification of a particular factor structure with an indication of the factor on which each item would load while in the case of EFA, all items load all the factors. In estimating factor loading, maximum likelihood is used, but

Desegregation of Public Schools in Boston Essay

Desegregation of Public Schools in Boston - Essay Example On the other hand, desegregation in Boston has brought about mixed responses. The opponents of desegregation argue that busing has resulted in an increased white-flight, considerable decline in white enrollment, increased racial imbalance, low levels of educational quality and paved way for more of racial tensions and violence in the Boston public schools (Buell & Brisbin 151-160). Many white-flight studies have pinpointed that school desegregation has resulted in white enrollment drop off and that court-ordered busing was partly instrumental in the â€Å"steep decline in white enrollments during the first two phases of Judge Garrity’s program† (Buell & Brisbin 152). On the other hand, one can never undermine the positive impacts of desegregation on the lives of many black and other minority Bostonians. This paper seeks to explore how desegregation of public Schools in the 1970s has affected the Bostonian society and in doing so the paper addresses key issues pointed ou t by the opponents of desegregation. ... A comparison of the statistics regarding the racial imbalance in Boston Public Schools according to District Court Guidelines in 1975 and 1980 reveals this. In 1975 schools with too many whites were 20 (35 in 1980); schools with too few whites were 47 (44 in 1980); schools with too many blacks were 43 (21 in 1980); schools with too few blacks were 24 (37 in 1980), schools with too many others were 41 (34 in 1980) and schools with too few others were 52 in comparison with 57 schools in 1980 (Buell & Brisbin 155). As evident from these statistics desegregation has considerably reduced racial isolation in the Boston schools. The opponents of desegregation also hold that the system has declined educational quality and has increased high school drop-out rates. For them, desegregation enhances racial achievement gaps as they believe that the pace of white instruction needs to be slowed so as to accommodate such black slow learners (Buell & Brisbin 161). It is also worthwhile to analyze the teacher perceptions of educational quality and to know whether the percentage of high school graduates pursuing higher education has undergone any positive changes. While the number of high school graduates has considerably increased most senior faculties are not so happy with the student performance since judicial intervention: â€Å"almost half of the senior faculty saw decline while only 13 percent reported improvement† (Buell & Brisbin 163). On the other hand, the magnet schools specially designed for desegregation came out with so many success stories of Boston busing and very often the media and press evaluated desegregation progress based on

The Senate of the United States Essay Example for Free

The Senate of the United States Essay The national government of the United States of America is divided into three branches: the executive, legislative and judiciary.   The legislative branch is further divided into two, the House of Representatives and the Senate.   Indeed, the Senate is a law-making body, but what is its role and function in the political system of the United States?   How did it come into existence?   This research paper aims to discuss the history of the United States Senate, as well as its role and function in the United States political system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The history of the United States Senate began on July 16, 1787 (â€Å"Senate Created†).   During this date, those who wrote the U.S. Constitution, also known as Framers, decided upon what is called the â€Å"Great Compromise,† which is also called as the â€Å"Connecticut Compromise† (â€Å"Senate Created†; â€Å"The Senate†).   This compromise was responsible for the creation of a bilateral legislature; the Senate would equally represent all the states, and the House of Representatives would do the same, only â€Å"in proportion to their respective populations† (â€Å"Chronology†; â€Å"Senate Created†).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Constitution Framers established the Senate to protect the rights of every state as well as the voice of the minority in a federal government (â€Å"Senate†).   In creating the Senate, the councils of colonial governors and the state senates that were derived from them were used as a pattern.   According to James Madison, the Senate had two roles (â€Å"Senate†).   The first one is â€Å"to protect the people against their rulers†; the second is â€Å"to protect the people against the transient impressions into which they themselves might be led† (qtd. in â€Å"Senate†).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Before the compromise was made, the state delegates insisted that state representation must be consistent with the state size (â€Å"The Senate†).   This means that it is the population of the state that would dictate how many senators would represent them.   This would result in the Senate having the upper hand in the legislative branch due to their number.   After the Compromise was made, the Senate and the House were given equal allotment of power (â€Å"The Senate†).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The equal allotment of power between Senate and the House was made for purposes of balance among the small and big states during the Constitutional Convention (â€Å"Senate†).   To secure the jurisdiction of the particular states, the Framers determined that the â€Å"state legislatures would elect senators† (â€Å"Senate†).   Consequently, the Framers gave these senators a term that lasts for six years, as opposed to House members term of only 2 years.   Madison explained that there is stability in a longer term. He reasoned that there are more House members than senators in the legislative branch; it is only through the giving of longer terms for senators that would prevent the legislative branch from being â€Å"overwhelmed† (â€Å"Senate†).   However, some people expressed concern over the possibility of aristocracy that comes with a longer term; as a result, it was established that the terms of the senators would â€Å"expire every two years† (â€Å"Senate†).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Constitutional Convention also determined the number of senators per state (â€Å"The Senate†).   One senator did not seem a reasonable option.   This is because during the senators sickness or absence, no one would substitute for him and his state would have no representative at that time.   The next problem was adding too many people in the Senate.   If there are more senators, the Senate would be bigger and hold more influence than the members of the House. If the quantity of senators continues to increase, the quality of the Senate would decrease.   This is because an overcrowded Senate would not fulfill its role and function well.   In the end, the delegates had to decide between having two or three senators.   In the end, it was decided that every state would have two senators, as indicated in the Constitution.   On September 17, 1787, out of the 55 delegates of the Constitutional Convention, only 39 wrote their signatures in the Constitution (â€Å"The Senate†).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On September 30, 1788, the first senators of the United States were elected (â€Å"Senate Created†).   They were Pennsylvania Senators Robert Morris and William Maclay.   The victory of Maclay was relevant; this is because he was the only one who maintained a diary of the sessions at the Senate at a time when they occurred â€Å"behind closed doors† (â€Å"Senate Created†).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 1789, March 4th marked the first assembly of the Senate at chamber in the second storey of Federal Hall in New York (â€Å"Chronology†; â€Å"Senate†).   That same year, on April 6th, the Senate accomplished its first quorum, with twelve members present (â€Å"Chronology†; â€Å"Senate†).   With New Hampshire Senator John Langdon as â€Å"president pro tempore,† the first task of the Senate was to convene with the members of the House to tabulate the ballots of the recent elections, in which George Washington emerged victorious in the presidential race (â€Å"Senate Created†). It was also the day when the senators elected â€Å"a doorkeeper, secretary, and chaplain† (â€Å"Chronology†).   Vice President John Adams took oath on April 21st; President Washington did the same on the 30th (â€Å"Senate†).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On December 6, 1790, the U.S. Congress started to take residence in Philadelphia; they would stay in this address for a decade (â€Å"Chronology†).   On November 17, 1800, the Senate moved to the north wing of the Capitol in Washington, D.C., despite the fact that it was not yet finished.   Four days after, the Senate had â€Å"its first quorum in the new national capital† (â€Å"Chronology†). In the beginning of the Constitutional Convention, the Framers initially wanted to assign the authority of creating treaties and appointing judges in federal courts and ambassadors (â€Å"Senate†).   In the end, however, it was decided that these tasks were to be shared by both the Senate and the president.   The president is responsible for making the nomination, while it is the senators’ job to either agree or disagree. The Senate became responsible for giving consent on nominations and treaties given by the president (â€Å"Senate†). On June 24, 1795, the Senate exercised its power by approving Jay’s Treaty (â€Å"Chronology†).   On December 15th that same year, they also exercised authority over the federal courts as they rejected the nomination of John Rutledge for the Supreme Court (â€Å"Chronology†). December 1795 marked the end of the long tradition of having legislative sessions in private (â€Å"Chronology†).   On January 5, 1802, stenographers and note takers were granted permission by the Senate to enter the chamber floor (â€Å"Chronology†). There had been many changes that occurred in the U.S. Senate.   To begin with, the number of senators had significantly increased through the centuries (â€Å"Senate†).   In addition, the Senate now has committees, something that was not included by the Framers during the creation of the Senate.   Initially, the committees were temporary and were created for legislation.   At present, the committees have been made permanent.   The 1920s ushered in an era when the Senate committees have assumed a more substantial role, this time in the field of investigation.   The committees held investigations which dealt with issues in government, such the leasing of oil in the1920s, the Vietnam War in the 1960s and the Watergate Scandal of the 1970s (â€Å"Senate†). The United States Senate was initially created for state representation. The role of the Senate was preserve states’ rights and opinion, to equally distribute power in both federal and state governments.   Through time, it has become more relevant.   From approving nominations and treaties to taking part in crucial investigations, the Senate has assumed a bigger role in U.S. government.   In the end, it is the U.S. Senate that provides balance in the U.S. political system. Works Cited Baker, Richard. â€Å"Senate Created.† United States Senate. 15 April 2008 http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Senate_Created.htm. Baker, Richard. â€Å"US History Companion: Senate.† Answers.com. 15 April 2008 http://www.answers.com/topic/united-states-senate. United States Senate. â€Å"Senate Chronology.† 15 April 2008 http://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/history/one_item_and_teasers/chronology.htm. United States Senate. â€Å"The Senate and the United States Constitution.† 15 April 2008 http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/Constitution_Senate.htm.

The Countrys Of Production Possibility Curve Economics Essay

The Countrys Of Production Possibility Curve Economics Essay (B) Assuming that the country is currently producing 40 units of goods and 70 units of services , what is opportunity cost of producing another 10 units of goods? 70-65=5units services opportunity cost (C)Explain how the figures illustrate the principle of increasing opportunity cost. Opportunity cost is the best alternative give up for the chosen option. This means without cost cannot make any decision. It also can describe as relation between choices and scarcity. The scarcity is come from factor of production is include labour, land capital and entrepreneur because it is limited resource. Therefore, we need make a choice to get a good product and giving up other product to fulfill. In the figure 1.1, company produces services and goods. In point A order to produce 80 units of services and the goods is 0 units, because the company must use all their resource in producing services. The company produces 10 units of goods and 79 units of services. The increase of goods is 10 units therefore company need to give up 1 unit of services to produce goods because no enough resource to make it. In point b, if the company wants to produce 40 unit of goods, the company could only produce 70 units of services due to the scarcity of resource. In point C, the company has already utilized all the resources in produce 100 units of goods, therefore, the company will have no other resource to produce services in the market. According to figure 1.1, point A, B, and C are the most efficiency allocation of resource in production possibility curve. Point G and F are not efficiency allocation of resource. Point G is the impossible points to produce the output, because the company didnt have enough resource such as labour, land, capital and entrepreneur to produce output. Point F is a wastage of resource, because the company no plan well. For example, Samsung Company produces LCD television and radio. When each additional produce LCD television, Samsung Company will give up produce radio and increase the sales of LCD television, because the resources are limited. When the Samsung Company used all resource to produce LCD television, Samsung Company fully give up produce radio. When increasing produce 10 units of LCD television, Samsung Company will decrease 10 units of radio for the additional producing 10 units of LCD television. So, the opportunity cost is 10 units of radio. (D)Now assume that technical progress leads to a per cent increase in the output of goods for any given amount of resources. Draw the new production possibility curve. How has the opportunity cost of producing extra units of services altered? Table goods and services: Units of goods 0 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 110 Units of services 80 79 77 74 70 65 58 48 35 19 0 In the figure 1.2, company increase 10 per cent in the output of goods. If the company utilized all the resources to produce goods, maximum units of goods can been produce increase to 110 units. When the company increases producing units of services from 0 to 19 units, units of goods can be produce decrease from 110 to 99 units. That means, the opportunity cost is 11 (110-99=11). While the company increases producing units of services from 19 to 35 units, units of goods can be produce decrease from 99 to 88 units because the resource not enough to produce more than that amount of goods and the rest. That means, opportunity cost is 11 (99-88=11). From the figure 1.2, the opportunity cost of producing extra units of services is constants at 11 units. Example, Sony Company produces camera and android hand phone. In long term, market have potential to increase the unit android phone ,therefore each additional produce android, Sony Company will give up produce camera and increase to produce of android hand phone , because the factor of production are limited. According to NEXUS PRO ECONOMI ASAS by Theng Kock Leing, the opportunity cost can be defined which 2 alternative goods and services when each goods produce must give up some services. 2(A) What are the equilibrium price and quantity? Equilibrium price: RM5 Equilibrium quantity: 12 millions (B)Assume that changes in fashion cause the demand for t-shirts to rise by 4 million at each price. What will be the new equilibrium price and quantity? Has equilibrium quantity risen as much the rise in demand? Explain why or why not. Demand is defined as a consumer desires to own and willingness to buy some goods and services at suitable price and time. Demand also can define as a consumer willing buy and pay for the goods and services. Willingness to get some goods and services without the ability to pay not defined as demand. For example, MR LEE want to buy Proton Saga but he dont have ability to pay the money therefore this is calling willingness not call demand. On the other hand, if MR LEE has the ability to pay the price of car then the willingness MR LEE will become demand. Supply is defined as quantity of goods and services willingness and ability to supply or produce by firm at a suitable price and time set by the consumer. Price will affect quantity supply by consumer because different price will supply different quantity. Supply goods and services will affect by certain period of time. When the changed of certain period of time, supply of goods and services will be changed. According to law of demand, while the price of goods and services increase will affect the quantity of demand decrease assume Ceteris Paribus. On the other hand, the price of goods and services decrease will affect the quantity of demand increase therefore the relationship of price and quantity is negative. According law of supply, while the price of goods and services increase will affect the quantity of supply decrease assume Ceteris Paribus. On the other hand, the price of goods and services decrease will affect the quantity of supply increase therefore the relationship of price is positive. When the demand for t-shirts rise by 4 million, the new equilibrium price is RM6 and the new equilibrium quantity are 14 units. The equilibrium quantity is rise to 14 units from 12 units as rise in demand. When quantity of demand t-shirts rise 4 million, the quantity demand curve shift to right with the quantity supply fix. With the increasing in quantity demand, quantity demand is more that quantity supply at the equilibrium price at RM5. The firm will increase the price of t-shirts from RM5 to RM6 to decrease the excess demand. The new equilibrium will achieve at price RM6 and quantity 14 units of t-shirts. With the quantity supply fix and the changing of quantity demand will make the price and quantity change. As the conclusion, the initial equilibrium price RM5 will change to RM6 and the equilibrium quantity increase from 12 units to 14 units as the increase quantity demand. (C) Now plot the data in the table and mark the equilibrium. Also plot the new data corresponding to (B) Price(RM) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Quantity demanded 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Quantity supplied 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 New quantity of demand Price(RM) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Quantity demanded 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Quantity supplied 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4